- Europe even failed to learn from Muslim Spain, which played a vital role in the revolution of science. Cordoba, capital of Muslim Spain, was known for its scientific advances. Scholars and students from all over the world travelled to Cordoba to study.
- The vast contrast in intellectual activity could be demonstrated by just one example. In the ninth century, the library of the monastery of St. Gall was the largest in Europe. It boasted 36 volumes, while at the same time, Cordoba’s library contained over 500,000 books and scripts on science and arts!
- Moreover, studying at colleges was first applied by Muslims. Universities first appeared in Muslims countries in the late 600s and the early 700s, while leading colleges, like Oxford and the University of Paris (French: Université de Paris), were founded in the thirteenth century.
- Amazingly, early European universities were also funded by trusts similar to Islamic ones. Some historians even trace old European colleges back to the Islamic system as their internal organization was very similar to the Islamic one. For example, the idea of Graduate (Sahib) and Undergraduate (Mutafaqqih) is derived directly from Islamic terms.
- In the field of mathematics, the Arabic numerals, the number zero (0), and the decimal system were introduced to Europe by Muslims, helping them to solve problems in minutes instead of hours and laying the foundation for the Scientific revolution.
- One of the most popular Muslim mathematicians is Al Khawarizmi, whose work has been translated into Latin. Al Khawarizmi laid the ground work for algebra and found methods to deal with complex mathematical problems, such as square roots and complex fractions. That’s probably why he was called the father of Algebra.
- But Al Khawarizmi’s scientific contributions go beyond algebra. He worked in several other fields, particularly astronomy, astrology, geography and cartography. His work included many experiments, such as measuring the height of the earth’s atmosphere and discovering the principle of the magnifying lens.
- Trigonometric work by Al Kirmani of Toledo, northern Spain, was translated into Latin (from which we get the sine and cosine functions) along with the Greek knowledge of Geometry by Euclid.
- Another famous Islamic icon is Ibn ul Hairhum, whose works on Optics, (in which he deals with 50 Optical questions put to Muslim Scholars by the Franks), were translated into several languages.
- It was the Muslims who discovered the Principle of Pendulum, which was used to measure time. In fact, many of the principles of Isaac Newton were derived from former Islamic scientific contributions.
- Chemistry was also affected by Muslim scholars, especially alchemy. Jabir ibn-Hayyan (Geber) is one of the most popular Muslim chemists and many scholars link the introduction of the ‘scientific method’ back to him. Moreover, several terms used in Chemistry such as alcohol, alembic, alkali and elixir are of Islamic origin.
No wonder you lot are retarded. Muslim this and muslim that.
Wake up moron. It was contributions of people. Religion had nothing to do with the Renaissance. Nowhere does it mention that it was a “Christian” renaissance.
And regarding “Arabic” Numerals and Zero…. you do know that it was developed in India and not in your precious Arabia.
The sooner you realise that “muslim” history is just an ego hog wash of trying to get an ego boost – the better it will be for Pakistan.
The great Islamic achievements can never be excluded despite the attempts of bruised egos of the European Renaissance and British India.
From where I stand there is but one Moran, frequently visiting these boards and he is neither European, nor American and neither Pakistan.
He is but from the land who discard actual history in favour of jumbo jumbo folklore and absurdities of legend. For these people to learn from history will be a damning insight into their actual past and how thankful they must bel the innovations that they received from their north and immediate West post British Empire.
These dhotiwala’s can not come away from imprisoning over 80% of their fellow indigenous under their pitiful history of caste system how can you spew garbage at others.
Truly pitiful people with zero contribution and impact on the world will always shy from actual recorded history to learn from it as they themselves have a non existent history that hurts their inflated egos,